https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/gene-expression-essentials
Lab Overview
Gene Expression
This lab uses the PhET Gene Expression Essentials simulation to explore how genes are expressed in cells, focusing on the processes of transcription and translation. Through interactive models, students observe how DNA codes for proteins and how environmental factors or mutations can influence gene expression. This virtual lab provides a hands-on approach to understanding the molecular foundations of genetics and protein synthesis.
Learning Objectives
Aligned with the Victorian Curriculum, students will:
- VCSSU122: Describe how the structure and function of DNA contributes to gene expression and the production of proteins.
- VCSSU123: Explain how genetic information in DNA controls cellular activities, including growth, repair, and reproduction.
By the end of this lab, students should be able to:
- Explain the processes of transcription and translation in gene expression.
- Describe the role of DNA, mRNA, and proteins in cellular function.
- Predict how changes in DNA sequences (mutations) affect protein synthesis and function.
ACARA Digital Literacy Capabilities
- Plan and design: Creating digital models of transcription and translation processes.
- Create content: Developing and presenting findings through digital tools.
Lab Instructions
- Access the Simulation: PhET Gene Expression Essentials Simulation.
- Explore Transcription:
- Begin with the transcription phase, observing how the DNA code is transcribed into mRNA.
- Note the formation of the mRNA strand and how it carries the genetic code to ribosomes.
- Explore Translation:
- Proceed to the translation phase to see how mRNA is read by ribosomes to create a specific protein.
- Identify the role of tRNA in carrying amino acids and building the protein chain.
- Investigate Mutations:
- Introduce a mutation into the DNA sequence and observe how it changes the resulting protein.
- Discuss how mutations can lead to different protein structures and functions, some of which may impact cellular processes.
Assessment Questions
- Describe the process of transcription and its role in gene expression.
- Explain how mRNA is used to create a protein during translation.
- Predict the effect of a mutation in the DNA sequence on the resulting protein.
- Give an example of how gene expression can be influenced by environmental factors or internal signals.
Teacher Notes
Integrating with Lessons:
- This lab supports topics on genetics, protein synthesis, and molecular biology, providing a foundation for understanding cellular function.
- Encourage students to think about gene expression as a dynamic process influenced by various internal and external factors, such as hormones or environmental changes.
Common Misconceptions:
- Students may confuse the roles of DNA and RNA; reinforce that DNA contains the genetic instructions, while RNA is an intermediary in protein synthesis.
- Emphasize that mutations do not always produce harmful effects; some are neutral or even beneficial, depending on the environmental context.
Extension Activities:
- Challenge students to explore gene regulation by simulating environmental changes and observing their impact on gene expression.
- Have students research real-world examples where gene expression plays a critical role, such as in the development of genetic disorders or responses to medication.
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